BLACK AFRICAN RED INDIAN PEOPLE

The Red-Black Connection

by Corina Roberts

Praise for The Red-Black Connection

Culminating from over a decade of research, personal interviews and photographic essays, the newly released book The Red-Black Connection, Contemporary Urban African-Native Americans and Their Stories of Dual Identity by Valena Broussard Dismukes deserves high praise. Fifty two images, and narratives written by the subjects of these photos, fill the pages with personal and powerful insights into the world of today's urban African-Native Americans. Their stories reveal the trials, tribulations and triumphs of their dual and sometimes multi-ethnic identities.

People from all walks of life, and representing tribes throughout the United States, share personal and sometimes painful stories. They remind us of the part of America's history that is often overlooked, misrepresented, and continues to be a source of challenge for contemporary people of African and Native American heritage. Dismukes captures the essence of her subjects in images that are much more than portraits. They are windows into the lives and souls of human beings. They are both visually striking, and infinitely personal.

Equally striking for the reader is the challenges many of these people have faced in discovering their heritage. For some, their Native American ancestors were still alive and a part of their collective experience, but not all of them chose to reveal their cultural identity. We are reminded that being Indian (or Black) was a distinct disadvantage in mainstream society – and still can be.

Many stories tell of familial efforts to erase the memory of both red and black heritage in order to assimilate into the dominant society. Others embrace both backgrounds with pride and dignity. These are stories told from the inside. They do not hide the fact that there is division, strife and racial prejudice between the races, as well as kinship. The Native American community is often divided from within, with full-bloods mistrusting half breeds and people of red-black heritage. The recent removal of the Freedmen from Cherokee tribal rolls is but one example of this.

What we learn from The Red-Black Connection is how and why this division takes place. We are given an understanding of the external forces that have pitted people against each other for centuries; an understanding that cannot be gleaned from history texts. The Red-Black Connection also reveals the personal triumphs of those who have embraced their dual heritage, and have chosen to thrive. They have made their identity an opportunity to educate and motivate others, and to heal the past by embracing the present and contributing to the future. They are educators, healers, leaders, activists, and ordinary people, offering an extraordinary gift to anyone willing to accept it.

Among the pages of this book you will find descendants of Quanah Parker, Daniel Perry, and William August Bowlegs. You will also find narratives by people who have yet to discover the names of their ancestors. There are those who have been told they look too white to be black, too black to be Indian, and too Indian to be African. What one cannot escape is the knowledge that, in the words of Jack Forbes, Professor at UC Davis, "You can't tell who people are by merely looking at them."

In addition to award-winning photographs and moving narratives, Dismukes includes her own perspective on the issue of dual identity, and the responsibility and opportunity it presents to contemporary red-black people. The book also contains an honest overview of the history of Africans and Native Americans, an extensive list of additional resources, a selected list of famous red-black people, and one remarkable page of quotes.

This is not a book about Africans and Native Americans. It is a book by them. It is a work which anyone of multi-ethnicity can immediately identify with. The Red-Black Connection joins powerful images and remarkable stories to create a work that is inspiring, illuminating, and important.

(Author, photographer and educator Valena Broussard Dismukes knows the meaning of multi-ethnic identity. African, Choctaw, Scottish, Irish and French, Dismukes brought an understanding of and sensitivity for cultural diversity to her career with the Los Angeles Unified School District. In her new book, she brings forth this gift with masterful imagery and compelling honesty.)

For information on the book go to http://dismukes. myexpose. com/ 

Corina Roberts, Founder
 © 2000–2009
San Francisco Bay Area Independent Media Center

Rita Ayeni & her son Alex (Cherokee) & a friend at the NMAI gathering in Washington DC 2009

Native American Gii Taa'se singer - Drum Keeper Of Gii Taa'se Gordy Williams Sr Mohican Oneida

Metis Culture

"You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round ... The Sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nest in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours....""Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves. - Black Elk, Ogalala Sioux, 1863-1950

Metis cultures, like the word "metis" or "mestizo" is mixed. The cultures are a composite of the ancestry of the individual with a heavy emphasis on a person's individual Native American heritage. The "culture" of a Red River Metis will be quite different from a Metis (mixed blood) whose heritage and teachings are Cherokee, Blackfoot, Seneca, Cree, Crow, Lakota, etc. Often the day-to-day mundane life of today's Metis can be described as mainstream blue collar or white collar. In the area of spirituality and religion, custom, manners and relationships with the world and its inhabitants, however, a true Metis walks within the Circle of Life.


There are variations in practices, traditions and ceremony among the various Metis groups or nations, just as there are variations among Native American tribes and nations. People who identify themselves as Metis are generally unique in that they honor all parts of their ancestry. A Metis may sit and play a lively tune on a fiddle, or solemnly light their personal prayer pipe. Today's Metis may run a business or dig ditches during the day, then spend the evening telling their children the legend of how the bear lost its tail. They may just as easily sing "When Irish Eyes are Smiling" as they can relate to the spirit of a tree in their backyard. The mixture of immigrant bloods and Native American cultures enhances who they are --- the people who own themselves, the people who take "honoring our ancestors" quite literally.


True Metis place high value on, give proper honor to, and hold sacred the aboriginal side of their ancestry. Ceremonies and rituals must be learned through the time-honored oral traditions of a person's particular native heritage. No secrets are revealed on this website; no sacred rituals written down. We share only the universal truths of the Sacred Hoop --- as described so eloquently by Black Elk in his own personal vision.


The Metis of MNS, our religions and our cultures, are as individual as the numbers of people who have joined our organization. We are joined together in our Native heritage and in our efforts to seek recognition for the victims of genocide. We are a family of castaways clinging together to rise above the flood of genocide --- to build a raft (foundation) for our children and our children's children.


Stories, general articles on Native cultures and traditions, and general information on these topics are provided for educational use. Contributions are welcome and the author will be given credit for their work. No rituals or ceremonies of any tribal nation will be published


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The Young Girl Who Became a Wolf (Cherokee)
The Story of the Grizzley Bear and the Beaver (Tsimshian)

photo of African Indian man - Drum Keeper Of Gii Taa'se Gordy Williams Sr Mohican Oneida